Что такое идиома
Идиома — это устойчивое выражение, смысл которого не выводится из значений отдельных слов. Например, kick the bucket не имеет отношения к вёдрам — это значит «умереть».
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Идиомы — важная часть разговорного и письменного английского. Знание хотя бы 100–150 частотных идиом значительно улучшает понимание на слух и чтение.
Время
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| in the nick of time | в самый последний момент | We caught the train in the nick of time. |
| once in a blue moon | очень редко | He only visits once in a blue moon. |
| at the drop of a hat | немедленно, без раздумий | She'll help you at the drop of a hat. |
| burn the midnight oil | работать допоздна | I was burning the midnight oil to finish the report. |
| buy time | тянуть время | We need to buy more time before the deadline. |
| call it a day | закончить на сегодня | It's 6 pm — let's call it a day. |
| on the spur of the moment | спонтанно, не раздумывая | On the spur of the moment, we decided to fly to Paris. |
| kill time | убивать время | We killed time by playing cards. |
| race against time | гонка со временем | Doctors raced against time to save him. |
| the eleventh hour | в последний момент | An agreement was reached at the eleventh hour. |
Деньги
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| break the bank | разорить, потратить все деньги | That holiday won't break the bank. |
| cost an arm and a leg | стоить очень дорого | That car cost an arm and a leg. |
| on a shoestring | на минимальном бюджете | They started the business on a shoestring. |
| splash out | шикануть, потратиться | She splashed out on a new laptop. |
| tighten your belt | затянуть пояс, экономить | With prices rising, we all need to tighten our belts. |
| in the red | в убытке, в долгах | The company is £2 million in the red. |
| in the black | с прибылью | We're finally back in the black this quarter. |
| make ends meet | сводить концы с концами | It's hard to make ends meet on a low salary. |
| a penny for your thoughts | о чём ты думаешь? | You look serious — a penny for your thoughts? |
| go Dutch | платить каждый за себя | Let's go Dutch tonight. |
| foot the bill | оплатить счёт | The company footed the bill for the conference. |
| money doesn't grow on trees | деньги с неба не падают | You can't buy a new phone every month — money doesn't grow on trees. |
Эмоции
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| on cloud nine | на седьмом небе от счастья | She's been on cloud nine since the proposal. |
| down in the dumps | в подавленном настроении | He's been down in the dumps all week. |
| over the moon | невероятно счастлив | They were over the moon about the baby news. |
| under the weather | нехорошо себя чувствовать | I'm a bit under the weather today. |
| bite someone's head off | накинуться на кого-то с руганью | I only asked a question — no need to bite my head off! |
| get cold feet | струсить, потерять решимость | He got cold feet before the wedding. |
| have butterflies (in your stomach) | нервничать в предвкушении | I had butterflies before the interview. |
| blow off steam | выпустить пар, снять стресс | He went for a run to blow off steam. |
| keep a stiff upper lip | держаться, не показывать чувств | He kept a stiff upper lip through the whole ordeal. |
| wear your heart on your sleeve | не скрывать чувств | She wears her heart on her sleeve — everyone knows how she feels. |
Работа и карьера
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| get the ball rolling | начать, запустить процесс | Let's get the ball rolling on this project. |
| back to the drawing board | начать сначала | The plan failed — it's back to the drawing board. |
| bite off more than you can chew | взять на себя больше, чем можешь | He bit off more than he could chew with three projects at once. |
| cut corners | срезать углы, делать небрежно | Don't cut corners — quality matters here. |
| go the extra mile | сделать больше, чем требуется | She always goes the extra mile for clients. |
| pull someone's leg | разыгрывать кого-то | Are you serious, or are you pulling my leg? |
| think outside the box | мыслить нестандартно | We need to think outside the box to solve this. |
| get the sack | быть уволенным | He got the sack for being late too often. |
| hit the ground running | с места в карьер, сразу активно включиться | She hit the ground running in her new role. |
| touch base | связаться, уточнить информацию | Let me touch base with you next week. |
Успех и неудача
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| nail it | сделать блестяще | She nailed the presentation! |
| miss the boat | упустить шанс | I missed the boat on that investment opportunity. |
| bite the bullet | стиснуть зубы и сделать трудное | Just bite the bullet and apologise. |
| the last straw | последняя капля | That email was the last straw — I quit. |
| pull through | выкарабкаться, преодолеть | The company pulled through the financial crisis. |
| come out on top | выйти победителем | Despite the challenges, she came out on top. |
| fall flat | провалиться, не произвести эффекта | The joke fell flat in front of the audience. |
| a blessing in disguise | неудача, которая оборачивается удачей | Losing that job was a blessing in disguise. |
| against all odds | вопреки всем трудностям | Against all odds, they won the championship. |
| back to square one | вернуться к началу | The merger failed, so it's back to square one. |
Идиомы с частями тела
| Идиома | Значение | Пример |
| cost an arm and a leg | очень дорого | That coat cost an arm and a leg. |
| break a leg | удачи! (театральное) | Break a leg at your audition! |
| keep an eye on | присматривать за | Can you keep an eye on my bag? |
| turn a blind eye | закрывать глаза на что-то | The manager turned a blind eye to the fraud. |
| lend a hand | помочь | Could you lend me a hand with this? |
| put your foot in it | ляпнуть, оконфузиться | I really put my foot in it when I mentioned her ex. |
| face the music | принять последствия | It's time to face the music and tell the boss. |
| get out of hand | выйти из-под контроля | The party got out of hand. |
| have a thick skin | быть толстокожим, не обижаться | You need a thick skin to work in politics. |
| get something off your chest | высказать наболевшее | I need to get this off my chest — I made a mistake. |