Affect / Effect
влиять на что-то
Stress can affect your health.
The rain affected our plans.
результат, эффект
The drug has serious side effects.
The effect was immediate.
Effect иногда используется как глагол: to effect change = осуществить перемены (формальный стиль).
Make / Do
make a decision · make a mistake · make progress · make money · make a noise · make an effort · make a suggestion · make a phone call · make a speech · make friends · make an excuse
do homework · do business · do damage · do research · do a favour · do exercise · do the dishes · do someone's hair · do good / harm · do your best · do a course
Say / Tell / Speak / Talk
| Глагол | Структура | Примеры |
|---|---|---|
| say | say sth / say that / say to sb | She said "hello". · He said that he was tired. |
| tell | tell sb sth / tell sb to do / tell sb that | Tell me the truth. · She told him to leave. |
| speak | speak (a language) / speak to sb / speak about | She speaks French. · Can I speak to the manager? |
| talk | talk to/with sb / talk about sth | We talked for hours. · They're talking about the project. |
❌ She told "hello". ✅ She said "hello".
❌ He said me to go. ✅ He told me to go.
Hear / Listen
I heard a strange noise.
Did you hear that?
I was listening to music.
Please listen carefully.
See / Look / Watch
| Глагол | Идея | Примеры |
|---|---|---|
| see | воспринимать зрением (непроизвольно) | I saw him cross the street. · Can you see the sign? |
| look (at) | смотреть на (намеренно, статично) | Look at that painting! · She looked out of the window. |
| watch | наблюдать за движением/процессом | We watched the match. · Watch where you're going! |
Borrow / Lend
Субъект получает вещь
Can I borrow your pen?
She borrowed money from the bank.
Субъект отдаёт вещь
Can you lend me your pen?
I lent him £50.
Bring / Take
Please bring me some water.
Bring your friend to the party. (к месту, где я)
Take this to your mother.
Don't forget to take your umbrella.
Classic / Classical
типичный, образцовый, классический (в смысле «отличный пример»)
a classic mistake · a classic film · That's classic John!
относящийся к классической музыке / Греции/Риму
classical music · classical architecture · classical literature
Economic / Economical
относящийся к экономике
economic growth · economic policy · economic crisis
экономный, бережливый
an economical car · She's very economical with money.
Older / Elder
сравнительная степень old — для любых объектов
This building is older than that one.
She's two years older than me.
только о людях (в семье), атрибутивно
my elder brother · the elder sister
Не используется с than!
Fewer / Less
с исчисляемыми существительными
fewer cars · fewer people · fewer mistakes
с неисчисляемыми существительными
less traffic · less time · less money
Rise / Raise
подниматься самостоятельно
Prices rose sharply.
The sun rises in the east.
поднимать что-то / кого-то
The government raised taxes.
She raised her hand.
Historic / Historical
важный в истории, исторический
a historic moment · a historic victory
относящийся к истории, исторический (хронологически)
a historical novel · historical records