💡
Коллокация — это устойчивое сочетание слов, которое воспринимается носителями как естественное. Нельзя просто перевести дословно: по-русски «делать фото» — по-английски take a photo, не do/make a photo.
MAKE
Идея: создать что-то, произвести результат.
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| make a decision | принять решение | It was hard to make a decision. |
| make a mistake | сделать ошибку | Everyone makes mistakes. |
| make progress | делать успехи | She's making great progress. |
| make an effort | приложить усилия | Please make an effort to be on time. |
| make money | зарабатывать деньги | He makes good money. |
| make a noise | шуметь | Stop making so much noise! |
| make a phone call | позвонить | I need to make a phone call. |
| make a speech | произнести речь | He made a speech at the wedding. |
| make a suggestion | предложить идею | Can I make a suggestion? |
| make an appointment | записаться на приём | I need to make an appointment with the dentist. |
| make a difference | иметь значение | Your support makes a difference. |
| make an impression | произвести впечатление | She made a good impression. |
| make friends | подружиться | It's easy to make friends here. |
| make a complaint | пожаловаться | I'm going to make a complaint. |
DO
Идея: выполнить действие, деятельность (без конкретного результата-объекта).
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| do homework | делать домашнее задание | Have you done your homework? |
| do business | вести бизнес | We do business with clients worldwide. |
| do research | проводить исследование | She's doing research into cancer. |
| do damage | причинить ущерб | The storm did a lot of damage. |
| do a favour | оказать услугу | Could you do me a favour? |
| do exercise | заниматься спортом | I try to do exercise every day. |
| do the dishes | мыть посуду | It's your turn to do the dishes. |
| do good / harm | приносить пользу / вред | Fresh air will do you good. |
| do your best | стараться изо всех сил | Just do your best. |
| do a course | пройти курс | I'm doing a course in photography. |
HAVE
Идея: испытывать, переживать, иметь опыт.
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| have a look | взглянуть | Can I have a look at that? |
| have a break | сделать перерыв | Let's have a break. |
| have a conversation | поговорить | We had a long conversation. |
| have a good time | хорошо провести время | Did you have a good time? |
| have a dream | увидеть сон; мечтать | I had a strange dream last night. |
| have difficulty | испытывать затруднения | She's having difficulty sleeping. |
| have an argument | поспорить | They had an argument about money. |
| have a baby | родить ребёнка | She's having a baby in June. |
| have doubts | сомневаться | I have my doubts about this plan. |
| have an operation | перенести операцию | He's having an operation next week. |
TAKE
Идея: взять, занять (время/место), воспользоваться.
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| take a break | сделать перерыв | Let's take a break. |
| take a risk | рисковать | Are you willing to take a risk? |
| take a photo | сделать фото | She took a photo of the sunset. |
| take notes | делать заметки | Students should take notes. |
| take advantage of | воспользоваться | Take advantage of this offer. |
| take place | происходить | The conference takes place in May. |
| take a shower | принять душ | I need to take a shower. |
| take responsibility | взять ответственность | He took responsibility for the mistake. |
| take turns | делать по очереди | We take turns cooking dinner. |
| take part in | участвовать в | She took part in the competition. |
GET
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| get dressed | одеться | Hurry up and get dressed! |
| get married | пожениться | They got married in Italy. |
| get lost | заблудиться | We got lost in the old town. |
| get permission | получить разрешение | Did you get permission? |
| get a result | получить результат | We need to get results. |
| get into trouble | попасть в беду | He's always getting into trouble. |
PAY / GIVE
| Коллокация | Перевод | Пример |
|---|
| pay attention | обращать внимание | Pay attention to the details. |
| pay a compliment | сделать комплимент | He paid her a compliment. |
| pay a visit | нанести визит | We paid a visit to our neighbours. |
| give a speech | произнести речь | She gave a speech at graduation. |
| give advice | дать совет | Can you give me some advice? |
| give permission | дать разрешение | The school gave permission for the trip. |
| give a hand | помочь / поаплодировать | Can you give me a hand? |